Fluid pressure actuating device



Jan. 2l, 1947.

B. H. uRscHEL Erm. 2,414,492

FLUID PRESSURE AcTuATInG nEvIcn Fired foct. 12, 1944 3 Sheath-Sheet 1 A 11 L.. 5,4 z' 1 5' zso Jall- .211 1947- B.'||. uRscHl-:L Erm. 2,414,492

FLUID PRESSURE GTUATING DEVICE Filed oct. 12. 1944 :s sheets-sheet 2 JUL 21. 1`947- B. H. uRscl-VIEL EmuA 2,414,492

FLUID PRESSURE ACTUATIHG DEVICE VFiled Oct. 412. 1944 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Patented Jan. 21, 1947 UNITED STATE s PATENT or rice FLUID PRESSURE ACTUATING DEVICE ration of h10 Application october 12, 1944,- seriai No. 558,442

Our invention has for its object to provide an eiiicient high fluid pressure actuating device that may be axially readily, assembled and variably mounted, and therefore usable for a great variety of purposes. V

The invention provides means whereby the parts of a cylinder are formed to withstand exceedingly high liquid pressure and yet are so formed and treated that they may be accurately tted to each other to produce a durablev and emcient high uid pressure actuating device that may be made at a low cost.

The invention comprises the construction of a fluid pressure actuating device having thinwalled metal cylinders, one or both ends of which are closed and frictionally sealed, interiorly and exteriorly, by simultaneous counter thermic action of shrinking and expansion to normal atmospheric temperatures of a pair of relatively thick metal cylindrical engaging parts. The construction may be assembled by subjecting one ofY said parts to a marked low 'temperature relative to atmospheric temperatures and thereby contracting the same and subjecting the second part to a marked high temperature'relative to atmospheric temperatures and thereby expanding the same to enable the said parts to be first readily and relatively moved, the said one part to Within the interior of an end of the cylinder and the said second part to about" the exterior of the said end of the cylinder, and in counteracting produces high frictionai engagement With the 3 claims. (ci. 309-2) end view of the cylinder.

Fig'. 5 illustrates a broken perspective view of the piston and illustrates a cone shaped boss having a uid escape channel. Fig. 6 illustrates a diagram of an apmospheric temperatures.

The high pressure actuating device is provided with a cylinder I having a relatively thin Wall shell with an interiorly smoothly reamed surface to coact with the piston. rlhe piston 2 is provided with lpiston rings 4. If desired the fluid pressure `may be wellv 'above three thousand pounds per square inch in the ordinary use of the pressure device. The cylinder l has a pair of thick cylinder heads 5 having outer cylindrical surfaces 1 quite exactly ilnished to diameters slightly greater than the interior surfaces of the end parts I0' of the cylinder and a pair of rings Il having inner surfaces I2 finished accurately jto an inner diameter slightly less than the exterior diameter of the end parts of the cylinder.

rings have inwardly extending flanges I4 end of the cylinder to enable thev cylinder struc- ,l

ture to withstand exceedingly high liquid pressures, to which, in use, it may be subjected.

The invention disclosed in the. drawings and Vthis specication embraces different forms of constructions having the equivalent parts or elements. l

Fig. 1 illustrates a perspective view of `the assembled cylinder and its parts.4 Fig. 2 illustrates a longitudinal sectional view of the cylinder. Fig. 3 illustrates-one end view of the cylinder and its piston rod. Fig. illustrates the other that engage the end surfaces of the cylinder preferably without contact with the cylindrical surfaces of the heads.

Prior to assembly yof the pressure device, the heads are subjected to chilling temperatures substantially from -20 to 30 F. for suilicient period of time to produce heat saturation at the selected low temperature range and the rings are subjected to a temperature of substantially from 900 to 1100 F. for suflicient time to pro-A duce heat saturation at the high temperature. When the heads are reduced to the low temperature range the heads have a size that enables them to be readily slid onto the end parts l0 of the cylinder and when the rings are heated to the high temperature range, they wiilhave a diameter that enables them to be readily slid onto the exterior of the said cylinder end parts until the edges of the cylinder end parts are engaged by the flanges I I. The heads and the rings are placed and moved to their respective positions substantially simultaneously on the end parts I0 of the cylinder. If desired', the heads and rings may be placed substantially simultaneously on both ends of the cylinder in one A operation. or a head and a ring may be slid on one end of the cylinder and then a head and a bases of the conical bosses.

3 ring may be slid on the other end of the cylinder. The piston 2 is press iitted to a piston rod I5. From the oppositesides of the piston may protrude conical bosses-IJ and I8.z One ofthe pro-wy truding bosses, .boss l1, may be formed by a con-` ical end part of the vpiston rod'and the other boss I8 may be conically formed on a side part of the piston. The cylinder heads 5 are provided with cylindrical recesses or sockets 20-and' 1"() 2l having diameters substantially fitting v.the

'I'he heads 5, the rings Il 'and I of the cylinder have registering openings 22 the end parts a twoway hand valve 38. The rotatable member has a handle 40 located exterior to the valve for rotating the movable valve member 39 of the valve and a pair of arcuate channels 4| formed therein to register with anyfpairof four openings formed in the valve shell. Thus, one

ofthe pipes 21 may be connected to the pipe 44 and the other to pipe 45. Alternately the pipes 21 may be connected with diametrically oppO.-

sitely disposed openings leading one to the power f pump 45 `and the other to`a point of iluid discharge.

the power pump 45 and the pipe 45 with an oil" .vat 41 or reservoir from which oil is drawn by through which the fluid is directed through the sockets 20 to and from the interior ofthe cylinder to reciprocate the piston. When `the fluid is directed to either side of the piston, the piston produces its power stroke until a conical boss enters -a socket 'on the other side of the piston and begins to progressively restrict lthe outflow of the fiuid. Narrow channels 24=are formed in the surfaces yof the bosses and in the pla-nes of the axes of thebosses. yAs the smaller end of each boss approaches to nearthe inner end of its! associated socket,a thin layer of the iluid remains on and intermediate the piston and the cylinder head and is enabled -to escape through the channel 24,. Hammering is thus prevented as the piston reaches to near the cessation of its valve, a slide valve rotatably or reciprocably` moved bythey pressure device or by any 'other means to produce an alternate periodic high iluid pressureiny one pipe and ay low or exhausting pressure in the other pipe.l A

One of the heads `5 is formed to have an oil The pipe 44 connects the valve with the pump. 'The pipe 45 returns oil to the vat 41 from the cylinder as the piston is moved `by the pressed oil. At the ends of the strokes of the piston, the connections of the pipes 21` arev reversed by then valve to reciprocate the piston.

The parts of the cylinder are assembledfby moving them axially toward each-'other by any form of power means, suchas a pairrof iluid pressure cylinders or a foot pedal that actuates power transmitting rods that arelconnected to the end blocks securedy to slidable plates. All'of the essential elements of the high'pressure actuating device when the' parts areput together must of necessity align with each other rod are first placed in the cylinder. The parts glandV formedof a cylindrical shell 30 through which the piston rod l5 extends. An oil retaining material 3| is packed into the shell about the piston rod to 1ubricate the rod. The Shen may be closed by a cap-32 secured to the outer end of the shell by machine screws 33. In order to tightly secure the `cylinder in position,

machine screws may be located in holes formed in lcorner ears-34 of the rings to secure the cylinder to an oscillatory supporting plate or to a xed plate or base'part to dispose the major axes of the cylinder and piston at right angles or parallel to the base.

If desireda head 5 'may be provided with projecting bearing ears v31- having bearing surfaces for pivotally supporting the cylinder on a suitable fixed base'and enable oscillation'of the cylinder, such as where the cylinder andy its piston produce rotation of a crank: and parts connectedtothe crank. ,y .f n As shown in Fig. Sthe cylinder is flxedly se.- cured to a xed base and connected to a source of oil pressure supply :by the non-jointed pipes ,21. Where thecylinder is pivotally supported, the cylinder' maybe connected to the source of oil pressure supply by pipes having swingablejointed parts wherein the joints are located in the axis of movementof 'the pivoted base or the bearing ears 31. The pipes 21 are connected to axially, and, except for the piston, must also align angularlyl with respect to the axis ofthe cylinder and piston. l

In Ffig. 7 is shown an assembly ji and -the parts of the cylinder and piston.v The Jig `L42! and its parts are shown in broken orphantom -lines While the parts of the cylinder are Ashown in solid lines. The jig' when operated simultaneously pushes the heattreated heads andi-the rings' on the end parts of the cylinder. The parts of the cylinder are. shown in positionspn the movable partsA of the jig for assembly ofthe partsofthe cylinder. The piston and its piston ofl the cylinder are secured in rectilinear alignment by slidably recessed vblocks and slidabler plates and may be moved along the guideways of the jig relative to each other.

The jig 49 has guideways 5I formed in its bed .plate 52 and movable end plates 53- having down-l wardly extending guide lugs 54 slidably fitting the guideways 5I in the bed plate. The ring supporting plates 6i have upright pins l55 and 'downwardly extending lugs 55v slidably fitting in guideways l51 in the movable end plates 53. vThe cylinder supporting plate 58 has guide lugs 59 fltting the guideways 5I inthe bed plate.

The cylinder is centrally held in position,

though not necessarily rigidly, by circularly recessed blocks 60 having telescoping lug and recesses 62 at the ends of the blocks. The heads 5 aresupported in end recessed blocks 64 secured to endv plates 53. The blocks 64 are formed', one

to receive the piston rod lubricating gland or shell `3|) and the other the bearing ears 31 and to support the heads 5.

position and secured to the cylinder simultaneously on one end of each cylinder by the jigif desired, but to enable saving in the cost of production, both of the heads and the rings should be simultaneously placed on each cylinder.

We claim:

l. A cylinder, for a fluid pressure operated de-f vice, having an open end shell forming the cylinder body, the shell having an outer, continuous lateral cylindrical surface area, adjacentv said open end, and an inner, continuous lateral cylindrical surface area, adjacent said open end and in concentric, nesting relation with said outer surface area; a cylinder hef-,d having a continuous lateral cylindrical surface area disposed withinthe open end of said shell to locate its said surface area in engagement with said inner surface area of said shell, the circumference of said head surface area being, at temperatures normal to cylinder use," greater than the circumference of said shell inner surface area; and a ring having `an inner continuous lateral cylindrical srface area disposed about the o pen end of said shell to locate its said surface area in engagement with said outer surface area of said shell, the circumference of said ring surface area being, at temperatures normal to cylinder use, less'than the circumference of said shell outer surface area,

is pinched between the head and the ring and thev head is locked in sealing relation to said shell.

3. A chamber member, for receiving and containing fluid under pressure, having a shell forming the body of the member; the shell having an opening, the portions of lthe shell surrounding said opening extending through a distance substantially parallel to a projection of said opening axis and having an outer surface of a lpredetermined contour characterized by having a plurality of contiguous' points thereon spacedV an equal and certain distance from said axis projection and disposed so that a straight line intersecting said points extends parallel to said axis projection, said opening surrounding portions of the shell also having an inner surface of a predetermined contour characterized by having a plurality of contiguous points thereon spaced an equal and certain distance from said axis projection and disposed so that a straight line intersecting said points extends parallel to said axis projection; .a part disposed within said opening and having a surface of a predetermined contour, engaging said shell inner surface, and characterized by having a. plurality of contiguous points thereon spaced a greater distance from v said axis projection than said points on said inwhereby the head and ring exert counter-thermic pressures radially with respect to the shell to sustain the shell and aix the cylinder. head to the open end of the shell.

2. A cylinder, for a iluid pressure operated de# vice. having an open-end cylindrical shell forming the cylinder body and means for closing said open end comprising a cylindrically shaped head, disposed within the open end of the cylindrical shell and in -concentric relation therewith, the diameter of the head being greater than the internal diameter of said shell open end, and aring disposed around the said end of the cylindrical shell and in concentric relation therewith and with said head, the ring having an inner diameter less than the outer diameter of the said end of the cylindrical shell whereby the end of said shell ner shell surface and disposed so that a straight line intersecting said points extends parallel to said axis projection, and a second part having an opening into which said shell portions extend, portions of the part surrounding the part opening extending a distance substantially rparallel to a projection of the axis ofthe part opening and forming an inner surface of a predetermined contour, engaging said, shell portion outer surface, and characterized by having a plurality of contiguous points spaced a lesser distance from said c shell opening axis projection than said points on said outer shell surface and disposed so that a straight line intersecting said points extends parallel to said shell opening axis/projection.

BERTIS H. Unscnrm LoRrN H. JANZER.. 

